Brazil arbovirus update 2024
Dengue, chikungunya, Zika and Oropouche
Dengue fever
According to the Brazil Ministry of Health, from the beginning of the year through September 14 (Epi week 37), 6,528,563 probable cases of dengue were reported, corresponding to an incidence rate of 3,215.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.
The Geographic Regions that presented the highest incidence rates are the Southeast, Central-West and South.
Among the Federative Units, the highest dengue incidence rates are in the Federal District, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo and Goiás.
Regarding deaths, the states of São Paulo (1,679), Minas Gerais (995), Paraná (660), Distrito Federal (440), Goiás (381) and Santa Catarina (338) accounted for 84.1% of the more than 5,400 confirmed deaths in the country.
Another 1,700 plus deaths are currently under investigation.
Chikungunya
Concerning chikungunya, 256,214 probable cases were reported through September 14, corresponding to an incidence rate of 126.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.
The geographic regions with the highest incidence rates were Southeast, Central-West and Northeast. Among the federative units, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Espírito Santo and Goiás had the highest incidence rates.
The highest number of deaths during the period was concentrated in the Southeast and Central-West regions. A total of 170 deaths were confirmed and 140 deaths are under investigation. The confirmed deaths are concentrated in the states of Minas Gerais (103), Goiás (14) and Mato Grosso (13).
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Zika
Between Epidemiological Weeks 1 and 34 (August 24) of 2024, 6,568 probable cases of Zika were reported in Brazil, with an incidence rate of 3.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.
The Federative Units with the highest incidence rates were Rio Grande do Norte (36.9/100,000 inhabitants), Amapá (22.9/100,000 inhabitants) and Mato Grosso (16.6/100,000 inhabitants).
Regarding pregnant women, 646 probable cases of Zika were reported, of which 570 (88.2%) remain under investigation and 76 (11.8%) were confirmed, 61 (80.3%) by laboratory criteria and 16 (19.7%) by clinical-epidemiological criteria.
Through September 14, 8,029 cases of Oropouche were confirmed in Brazil, whose biological samples had a detectable result for the virus genome in RT-PCR.
In 2024, the Amazon region, considered endemic, accounted for 71.0% of the cases recorded in the country.
In Brazil, up to Epi Week 37 of 2024, two deaths related to Oropouche virus infection were identified in Bahia state and two are under investigation, one in Paraná, with probable site of infection in Santa Catarina and one in Espírito Santo.
Regarding cases of vertical transmission, one case with an outcome of fetal death associated with Oropouche virus infection was recorded in Pernambuco and one case with an outcome of congenital anomalies associated with Oropouche virus infection in Acre. 19 cases of vertical transmission remain under investigation, one of which were fetal deaths (15 in Pernambuco and 1 in Ceará), and three cases with congenital anomalies (1 in Bahia and 2 in AC). Additionally, there was a report of a case of neurological syndrome with detection of the Oropouche virus genome in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in Piauí, which is under investigation.
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