Mexico is facing an outbreak of leishmaniasis, with 400 confirmed cases so far this year— four times the figure recorded in 2025; 97% of the total is concentrated in four states in the country’s southeast, the federal Health Secretariat revealed.
Meanwhile, Yucatán’s Health Secretary, Miguel Alberto Alcocer Gamboa, stated that the state is monitoring an outbreak of this “disease of poverty.”
The disease is caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite called Leishmania, which enters the skin through the bite of the Lutzomyia sandfly.
To date, there are 400 confirmed cases of this neglected tropical disease in the country, representing a 296.04% increase compared to the same period in 2025, when the total was 101.
Parasitology: Blood & Tissue Flagellates
Those affected by this disease of poverty are distributed across nine states, with the highest incidence recorded in Quintana Roo (256 cases, or 64%), followed by Tabasco (75 cases, or 18.75%), Campeche (35 cases, or 8.75%), and Yucatán (22 cases, or 5.5%).
These four states alone account for 97% of all cases of this condition. There are four positive cases each in Chiapas and Veracruz; two confirmed cases in Oaxaca; and one each in Mexico City and the State of Mexico.
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The incidence of the disease rose by 775% in Campeche; by 675.75% in Quintana Roo; by 214.28% in Yucatán; and by 74.42% in Tabasco.
Leishmaniasis is not a single disease, but a group of syndromes due to a variety of species of this parasite. They affect different populations and are related to a characteristic vector, the sandfly.
The disease can range from asymptomatic infections to those causing significant illness and death. Disease can appear on a spectrum from a single skin ulcer to destructive lesions of the face to terminal organ disease.
Leishmaniasis is found in 88 countries worldwide and is broken down between Old World and New World.
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Old World leishmaniasis is primarily found in parts of Asia, East and North Africa, Southern Europe and the Middle East.
New World leishmaniasis occurs from northern Mexico to northern Argentina, with rare cases reported in parts of Texas and Oklahoma. In South America it is not found in Chile or Uruguay.
The vector for this parasite is a phlebotomine sandfly. There are a few different species implicated depending on the part of the world.
Sandflies are very small (about 1/3 the size of a mosquito) and make no noise when flying. There bites can sometimes be painless; because of these reasons, many people have no idea they were bitten.
Even one bite of a sandfly can transmit disease, so travelers on short trips can still get infected.
When the female sandfly takes a blood meal it injects the parasite into the wound. Macrophages pick up the parasite and here they multiply until the cell bursts from overcrowding. The parasite goes on to infect more macrophages.
Some of these cells get carried to organs of the body including the liver, spleen and the bone marrow.
There are several species of Leishmania that cause disease in humans. The most common are Leishmania donovani (kala-azar), L. tropica (Baghdad boil), and L. braziliensis (espundia).
To prevent sandfly bites, you should use insect repellents and clothing that covers the entire body, place wire mesh on doors and windows, and use mosquito nets.
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